Dear colleagues,

In the field of RS image processing, serious works have been continued since 1840s. More than 150 years ago, when the camera was created, it all started. "The RS imagery can be defined as any process where the information is gathered by the reflectance of light energy from an external source, such as the sun, without being in contact with it by any devices". It operates similarly to the function of how a normal human eyes does. In contemporary times, remote sensing data are captured by the electromagnetic spectrum by satellites used for monitoring the Earth’s surface, and The revisit period can last from a few days to a few hours. For various studies, several GIS applications use RS photos, especially those that deal with natural resources. RS sensors are categorized into two types: active and passive. As they do not provide energy to the objects being monitored, passive sensors are typically used to measure and record the light reflection of Earthly objects. Aerial photography, which uses passive sensors and captures wavelengths from the visible to the near-infrared or even longer from

the sun, is a significant method of remote sensing. In contrast, active sensors—such as those used in RAdio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) systems and flash photography—produce their energy. As seen in Figure. 2.1, electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths emitted by the RADAR system in the microwave region; the Earth’s

surface then reflects this energy, creating RADAR images.